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various disorders.
Imperforate Anus (absence of anus), occurs mostly in calves. Sometimes the opening is closed with skin. Some times the anus itself is perfect, but near the external orifice there is a membranous partition. Sometimes the large intestine may terminate in a ‘ ‘ cul-de-sac ' (having one end open only). In the first and second cases, open with crucial incisions. In the third, try to reach the blind end and open it. Then sew the edges of the opened end to the edges of the cutaneous incision.
Distention of the Rectum with hard pellets of me- conium (fetal excrements) is sometimes so serious as to necessitate their removal by the oiled finger.
Piles may be removed sometimes by ligature or other wise. Soft food and an occasional laxative to counteract constipation.
Prolapsus Ani differs from rupture in that the pro trusion is through the natural anal opening and consists chiefly of mucous membrane. It results from violent straining, labor pains, or obstruction to the flow of urine. The protruded rectum may become strangulated, take on a bright red hue, and subsequently, owing to effusion, become very much enlarged ; then cold and of a purple color.
Remove the cause of the straining, wash the bowel with cold water, and return the part carefully by pressure. If
252 THE DISEASES OF CATTLE.
the protruded part is purple, amputate it and stitch the edges. Soft food. Opium if necessary.
Volvulus (twist of an intestine) sometimes follows colic. Open abdomen on the right side and operate on the in testine, if slaughter is not desirable.
Intussusception (entrance of one bowel within an other) also follows colic. Rare. Operate as above.
Rupture (hernia) is about the same in the ox as in the horse. In serious cases fatten and slaughter. (For description and treatment, see pages 58, 59.)
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